Historical calendar: anniversary of the election by the National Assembly of Józef Piłduski as president of the 3rd Republic of Poland. The perpetrator of the civilian war did not accept this function.
Today, in our calendar we will look at the actions of the sanitation click just after the coup d'état and taking power in Poland.
On May 15, 1926, and so only a day after the withdrawal of the legal government and its faithful troops from Warsaw, the cabinet of Kazimierz Bartl was established before Piłsudski. May 31 in a faithful motion to the winner, The National Assembly (combined chambers of parliament and senate) took the marshal for president. The same, to the amazement of all, did not accept the nomination. The Office took over his associate, Ignacy Mościcki. Piłsudski preferred to control Polish politics from the alleged "back seat".
The authoritarian strategy introduced, seemingly not much different from the erstwhile democracy. Parliament operated on the same principles and no civilian liberties were restricted. In practice, however, indivisible regulation was exercised by Józef Piłsudski, who, acting officially only as Minister of Military Affairs, decided on staff matters in government and all areas of state life. The fresh strategy of power was called sanitization, which in Latin means "healing".
The leaders of the Pilsudczyk camp thought they included governments to save the state, including its moral and economical renewal. First, the alleged "New August" was introduced, expanding the President's powers at the expense of parliament.
Despite the spread of lofty slogans, the Pilsudczykowski camp proceeded to persecution of the opposition. First of all, individual enemies of Marshal Pilsudski were oppressed. Although he issued a declaration of non-extraction towards supporters of the losing party, Generals Włodzimierz Zagórski, Tadeusz Rozwadowski, Bolesław Jaźwiński and Juliusz Malczewski were arrested and another well-deserved officers specified as Józef Haller were released from the army.
Inmate commanders were charged with criminal crimes. The public was shocked and demanded their release. Jazwiński broke down during the investigation and lost his mind, and Malczewski was released from prison, but had no more to look for in the army. The worst destiny was met by generals Zagórski and Rozwadowski. The first of them disappeared under mysterious circumstances in August 1927.
He was most likely murdered by a individual order of the marshal who feared the general's cognition of his past (during planet War I, Zagórski was subject to the Austrian troops of Hauptkundschaftelle from Krakow and Lviv who led the Piłsudski agent). The second of the generals was to be gradually poisoned in prison, through deliberately soaked arsenic walls. According to another account, he was given a poison horse hair sandwich.
In any case, during his detention, Rozwadowski developed serious bowel ulceration, resulting in his death in 1928. Many years later, poisoned with arsenic was to be another opponent of the sanitation, Wojciech Korfanty. Apart from the above, social activists and publicists were persecuted. For example, the author of the celebrated anti-sanction satire "Nicodem Dyzma's career", Tadeusz Dołęga – Mostowicz, was severely beaten. Adolf Nowaczyński, on the another hand, was beaten 3 times, with the last of the attacks of “unknown perpetrators” ending in a blow of his eye.
In the face of the upcoming elections to the parliament, a broad coalition of groups was formed in 1927 to support the May coup, the alleged Unpartisan Block of Cooperation with the Government (BBWR) with Walery Sławek at the head. The authorities hoped to establish their position, through an undisputed election victory. The BBWR was not a political organization in the strict sense of the word. In his programme, he advocated relying on Piłsudski's authoritate, combating partyry and strengthening the function of the president as a guarantor of effective state management.
Elections were actually won, but not with as good a consequence as expected. The subsequent settlement regulation of Kazimierz Bartl from 1928 to 1929 announced the imminent return to parliamentary democracy, typical of the pre-May bombing period. A tiny advantage of the BBWR in the parliament resulted in the overthrow of Prime Minister Kazimierz Świtalski in 1930. There was besides much for the Wolsudczyks, so the successive governments of Walery Sławek, and since August 1930 Piłsudski himself, joined a extremist trial with political opponents.
Initially, the interior situation improved. This was due not only to the actions of the sanatorium management, but besides to the overall improvement of the global economical situation during this period. Between 1927 and 1929, the state budget was even somewhat surplused. However, these amounts were partially embezzled by illegally spending on the BBWR electoral campaign.
Just Józef Piłsudski asked the Minister of Treasury Gabriel Czechowicz to increase his disposition fund by PLN 5 million, which he then transferred to his group. The opposition led to the Minister being put before the State Court, but the sanatorium camp dragged the case until it was yet withdrawn from the meeting.
The redeployment of parliament, which the marshal hated so much, and the merger of opposition within the alleged Centrolev, caused his rage. On August 30, 1930, a parliament was dissolved. Then, on the orders of Piłsudski and Felician Sławojko – Składkowski, respective of the most active opposition MPs and opposing social activists were arrested. Among them were Vincenty Witos, Wojciech Korfanty, Herman Lieberman and Józef Putek.
The detainees were accused of anti-state occurrences and attempted to overthrow legal authorities. They were imprisoned without a court conviction in a fortress in Brest over Bug, where they were bullied, among others, by beating and faking executions. In the alleged Brest trial from 1931 to 1932, any of the defendants were sentenced to respective years imprisonment and insignificant fines. Deserved patriots specified as Vincenty Witos and Wojciech Korfanty went on emigration.
Previous entry from our calendar is available Here.
