Mord in the Black Forest
The Black Forest is simply a large forest complex located respective kilometres west of Stanisławów, (meaning the present Ivano-Frankivska in Ukraine), which during the German business was the site of mass executions of the inhabitants of this town.
What could happen to Asian people in the chaotic with European “superhumans”?
On the night of 14 to 15 August 1941, in the Black Forest close Stanisławów Gestapo, at the command of SS-Hauptsturmführer Hans Krüger, about 250 representatives of Polish intelligence from Stanisławów executed.
After russian aggression against Poland, after the seizure of Stanisławów, repressions against the Polish population began. Not only russian occupiers persecuted Poles, but besides local Ukrainians. For 3 days, alleged revolutionary committees arrested Polish activists who were sent to prisons. There the prisoners were beaten, starved and yet murdered. The Ukrainian militia rapidly disarmed and murdered state police officers and Polish soldiers. After organizing her cell in Stanisławów, NKWD conducted arrests of Polish officers, political organization activists, judges, prosecutors, doctors, scientists. Much of them died in Katyn. Between 1940 and 1941, part of the Polish inhabitants of Stanislaw's land was exported to Siberia.
After the armed action in the September run was completed, various German formations joined the implementation of the alleged “Intelligenzaktion Action” (German: Intelligenzaktion), which continued with breaks until 1943, aimed at the Polish intellectual elite.
This action was carried out with varying strength in various areas of occupied Poland.
The most crimes were committed in Pomerania (Intelligenzaktion Masovien, approx. 6.7 1000 victims), Silesia (Intelligenzaktion Schlesien, approx. 2 1000 victims), Łódź (Intelligenzaktion Litzmannstadt, approx. 1.5 1000 victims), as well as in the alleged peculiar actions, the largest of which are the AB Action (Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion, approx. 3.5 1000 victims), Sonderaktion Krakau and Zweite Sonderaktion Krakau (approx. 187 victims, scholars and academics from the Jagiellonian University) and the assassination of 45 professors of Lviv universities at Wuleckie in Lviv. This crime, known as "The Nachtigall Action", was committed on 4 July 1941 by the Ukrainian-German Nachtigall Battalion. They were killed in the back of the head by wildly murdered, among others, Tadeusz Boy – Żeleński, prof. Kazimierz Bartel (3 times Prime Minister of the Second Republic of Poland), Prof. Adam Sołowij, world-famous gynecologist- obstetrician, the oldest murdered, then 82-year-old prof. of the University of Jan Kazimierz. My father doc. med. Maurycy Marian Szumański murdered by Germans in Lviv on 4 November 1941 was an assistant to Prof. Adam Sołowisz in his cathedral at Jan Kazimierz University. The Nachtigall Battalion (German: Nightingale) is simply a German battalion composed of Ukrainians, operating in 1941, during planet War II. authoritative German name: Sondergruppe Nachtigall. By Ukrainian propaganda, along with the “Roland” Battalion, he was referred to as “the Ukrainian Nationalist Teams”. After the German attack on the USSR in 1941, the NKVD murdered Polish and Ukrainian prisoners, in a prison at Bilinski Street in Stanisławów. The bodies of the victims of this massacre were most likely transported and hidden close the city. The Ukrainian militia was one more time formed, which this time began a trial with Ukrainians, cooperating with russian occupiers.
After the organization of the German power, it began to destruct the judaic population. On 4 August 1941, the Gestapo called for its office of judaic intelligents. About a 1000 of them, all were transported to the woods close Uhrynov and murdered. In the following months, the Gestapo, with the aid of Ukrainian police, carried out mass executions of Jews in respective stages. any of them were exported to German concentration camps. Of the 30,000 Jews who lived in Stanisławów, respective 100 survived, rescued by Polish neighbours, or hiding in forests. The head of the Gestapo in Stanisławów was Hauptsturmführer Hans Krüger, who had previously participated in the execution of Lviv professors. On 8 and 9 August 1941, the Ukrainian police arrested Polish intelligence, mainly teachers. besides as in the case of the execution on Lviv professors and the execution on silicate intelligence and a variable list of arrested Ukrainian nationalists were prepared. As authors of the list, professors of Ukrainian gymnasium in Stanisławów are listed: Dr. Ivan Rybczyn and a teacher named Danysz. Teachers were arrested by trickery after being called to a gathering in connection with the coming of the school year. another people were taken from their homes by Ukrainian police. The Poles were explained that they were called for a brief hearing. The calm and polite conduct of the police made the arrests unsuspected against the intentions of the Germans and surrendered to the course of events. According to Tadeusz Olszański (Tadeusz Olszański, Pseudod. and cryptonyms Simenfalva, T.O., tad. (born 28 August 1929 in Stanisławów, Polish journalist, publicist, translator) Ukrainian police were carefully prepared by the Germans for this action. In total, nearly 300 Poles were arrested on 8-9 August 1941.
The prisoners were arrested in the Gestapo prison and utilized in construction works close Brach Gardens. At first, they could be contacted. After a fewer days, Ukrainian guards began shooting at people attempting to approach working prisoners. On the night of 14 to 15 August 1941, most of the Poles arrested, about 250 people, were transported by trucks to the Black Forest close the village of Pawełcze, were shot, their bodies were buried at the site. The prisoner survived a Pole, a forester from Solotwina, who, utilizing the rain and the neglect of the convoys, slipped off the truck and fled. Just before the execution, the Germans gathered a group of peasants from Paulych and ordered her to dig holes in the Black Forest.
The destiny of the victims was hidden from their families, who continued their efforts to release the prisoners. In September 1941, families afraid about the deficiency of information sent a delegation to the Gestapo headquarters, however, Hans Krüger assured that teachers were alive and under investigation. He allowed food packages and clothing to be sent for the coming winter. This food was given to dogs, and the clothes were distributed among themselves by prison janitors. The crime was revealed in the winter of 1942 by German prosecutor Rotter in an interview with Karolina Lanckorońska, who came to Stanisławów as a typical of the Main Care Council (RGO).
Krüger, too, being certain that Lanckorońska would not get out of prison, during her interrogation, boasted about his participation in the execution at the Lviv professors, suggesting that the same happened with teachers from Stanisławów. A postage technician, a Pole, J.M., employed at the Gestapo office erstwhile installing the telephone and signaling headquarters, testified: “I had the ability to decision around the full Gestapo building and see the prison courtyard in a fewer days of my work. I saw how the Poles led by the Ukrainian police were brought to the area where 2 Gestapo, the Mauer brothers, served. From there, after the interrogation, the arrested were sent to prison. The action lasted about 3 days. After a fewer days, I saw Ukrainian police removing any prisoners from the prison courtyard. After removing them from the courtyard, they began to decision out of prison into a semi-dressed truck. They were just in their pants and shirts, barefoot. I've met quite a few them. They were teachers and doctors – Poles, residents of Stanisławów. 2 Ukrainian policemen and 2 Gestapo urged them to beat with wooden batons (legs from tables and chairs) to occupy seats in the car. 1 teacher was peculiarly badly beaten who did not have the strength to climb the advanced podium of the car. She saved him from further beatings by his colleagues. After loading the car, about 30-40 people were covered with a tarp. Then 1 of the Maurers' brothers, Willa, came out of the building with a vending device and ordered the escort to sit with the prisoners. Sam got on the chauffeur and the car left the prison going in an unknown direction.
Murder victims: Władysław Łuczyński – Polish artist and drawing teacher at a school in Stanisławów during the Second Republic period,
Rudolf Rajnoch and Józef Lewicki were murdered for hanging on 11 November 1941 on legionaries' graves at the Stanislaw cemetery of the white-red flag. About 50 people (including 30 students) were shot and many were beaten. In addition, about 250 people were shot in the Black Forest close Paul’s. On 31 December 1941, 25 people (mainly women) were shot in the courtyard of Stanisławów prison. In the German prison in Stanisławów on 17 June 1942, he died of typhus after 1 year of cruel torture, Polish Roman Catholic priest and conspirator during planet War II Józef Smaczniak; the probable burial place of the priest became the Black Forest.
On 26 July 1942, on charges of hiding Jews in Stanisławów, Polish priest Jan Peregryn Haczel was murdered by the Germans (with Stefan Kosiorek and Fr Remigius Wójcik). In the fall of 1942 on the field “Sokola” The Germans shot 14 boys from 1 class and a man (dentist) – all from Calus. In 1942, the Germans shot 15 people for attempting to cross the Romanian border. On 2 February 1943, on Armenian Street in Lviv Germans shot L0 Poles from Stanisławów among others: Zdzisław Teodor Ziobrowski, Alfred Stadler, Kazimierz Kamiński and Eugeniusz Siegal.
In 1943, an undetermined number of people, mainly young people from Stanisławów, were shot after the trap. In March 1944 respective people were shot in Pasaż at Kazimierzowska Street. A five-member group of youth of ZWZ-AK was shot, among others: Stanisław Chrymowicz. There is simply a known case of the execution by the Germans in Stanisławów, indefinitely, of a group of persons from Halicz, including a gymnasium teacher, his parents and family. Overall, the number of Poles murdered in Stanisławów is estimated to be around 860 people.
Responsible for crimes: SS-Hauptsturmführer Hans Krüger – sentenced to life in 1967 for execution on Jews. He and Oskar Brandt signed death warrants. He was released in 1986. Deputy and later successor to Krüger, SS-Untersturmführer Oskar Bandt, Gestapo Remarb Müller, volksdeutsch Zygmunt Adamski, after the war captured in Nowy Sącz and sentenced on 28 November 1945. On the death penalty. straight active in the shooting were brothers Johann and Willi Mauerów, volksdeutsche, before the war WP soldiers, during the war served in the Gestapo, both participated in the execution of Lviv professors. They showed peculiar cruelty during arrests and interrogations. They personally executed prisoners, took part in the shooting of teachers in the Black Forest. After the war, the German court sentenced him to prison. Collective graves murdered in the Black Forest were discovered in 1988 thanks to the efforts of the victims' families. It was 8 pits measuring 10 by 12 meters. In 1991, the Council for the Protection of Combat and Martyrdom Memorial founded a plaque and a memorial at the site of the execution. In August 2011, a cross commemorating murdered Poles was unveiled in the Black Forest. The ceremony was attended by: the politician of the region of Ivano – the French Mikhail Wyszywauk and the secretary of the Council for the Protection of the Memory of Walk and Martyrdom Andrzej Krzysztof Kunert and the families of the victims.
