Jagiellonian university with background occupation

JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY WITH A RECUPATION IN THE BACKGROUND

When abroad forces want to subdue a nation, they begin by destroying the brains, or intellectual powers. The Jagiellonian University, the oldest Polish university, was founded by King Casimir the large on 12 May 1364. Nazi and Bolshevik occupiers wanted to destruct this university by subjecting it to their targets hostile to the Polish nation. We besides note the assassination of the autonomy of this university after 1989.

The German pacification run directed against the environment of Polish scholars was carried out on 6 November 1939 in Krakow. It was named ‘Sonderaktion Krakau’. This cryptonym does not appear in any authoritative Nazi document, but in the records of imprisonment of professors “action against university professors”. In total, 183 people were imprisoned as part of the action, including 142 lecturers and 3 students from the Jagiellonian University. The professors were taken to German Nazi extermination camps.

Professors were deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp close Berlin. Catastrophic camp conditions, very inexpensive food, deficiency of warm clothing, as well as forms of bullying, specified as hours of standing calls at temperatures reaching – 25 degrees in January 1940 C in a short time led to exhaustion frequently in the aged and mediocre wellness of prisoners. 13 of them – including specified scholars as Stanisław Estreicher, Ignacy Chrzanowski, Leon Sternbach and Michał Siedlecki – died until February 1940.

In the Sachsenhausen concentration camp professors “welcome” the commander of this camp Rudolf Hoess: “You are all crap of the Pangerman Reich. Intern camp is 1 part of crap where you're all gonna die. The only way to freedom is for you a crematorium chimney.”

During the russian occupation, or PRL, the Jagiellonian University attempted to turn into a propaganda institute of Polish communists
/ "In the past of the Jagiellonian University" — Krzysztof Stopka, Andrzej Kazimierz Banach, Julian Dybiec. Among another things, we read that “rector Mieczysław Karaś / 1975 – 77 /wanted to realize his imagination of the Jagiellonian University socialist.” The question for students of the Jagiellonian University history: “What was the difference between the imagination of the Rector Mieczysław Karasia and the imagination of Kazimierz the Great”? Answer of Charles Estreicher: “Kazimierz the large founded a brick university, I will leave ...red of shame.” / "The diary of Accidents" — Charles Estreicher T.V. ( 1973 – 1977 ) pp. 489 – 90.

Today's opinion seems to have a profound influence on the application of law in Poland and the formation of public opinion, the corporateity of the incumbent bar, the judgement of independent courts and the Constitutional Court, sometimes of social opposition, has its roots in the disgrace and desecration of the Faculty of Criminal Law of the Jagiellonian University during the period of the PRL.

During this period, Marek Waldenberg, head of the Cathedral of the Basics of Marxism-Leninism, secretary of the Provincial Committee of PZPR, writing technological papers about the size of a Karl Kautski Marxist sectist. Prof. Julian Polan-Harashin, a prosecutor in Lublin who pursued soldiers of the AK and the NSZ from where he had to flee, joined the post office of the illegals of this period, due to the fact that the underground sentenced him to death.

Prof. Julian-Polan Harashin, brother-in-law of Cardinal Franciszek Macharski, as Deputy Chief of the Military Court, issued respective twelve death sentences on soldiers of the AK and NSZ. He was the bloodiest PRL justice and corrupt briber. As dean of an ophthalmic survey of the Jagiellonian University Law Department, he issued respective 100 “catchers” diplomas of law masters. erstwhile 1 of the certified organization and Ubek "magisters" compromised their "legal knowledge" and the case became public, Prof. Julian Polan-Harashin set the papers on fire in the Dean, he received his sentence, but was rapidly released and diligently reported on everything he heard about the Krakow Church from his wife and brother-in-law / Cardinal Franciszek Macharski / at the household table.

The Faculty of Criminal Law of the Jagiellonian University from the times of the Polish People's Republic has a dismal tradition. After a large luminary of legal sciences Prof. Władysław Wolter, the direction of the cathedral was assumed by Kazimierz Buchała highly rated in the archives of the safety Service – Secret Associate / TW / named “Master”.

The Chair of Criminal Law of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University was under peculiar "care" of the ruling PZPR.
Kazimierz Buchała, Polish lawyer, investigator at the Jagiellonian University, prof. of legal sciences specializing in criminal law, is simply a judge, lawyer, justice of the Constitutional Court. Head of the Department of Criminal Law of the Jagiellonian University of Law since 1967, Dean of the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University from 1968 to 1972. From 1970 to 1982 manager of the Criminal Law Institute, associate of the Consultative Council of the Polish People's Republic Council Wojciech Jaruzelski for PZPR / Wikipedia /.

Dr. Filip Musiusz in the publication “Trusted Companions” gives crucial details about Kazimierz Buchała, and thus functioning at the time of the Department of Criminal Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University.
Philip had to
Born 1976, Dr., Politologist, historian, works at the Institute of National Memory Branch in Krakow, secretary of the editorial board of “WiN Historical Books”, associate of the Political thought Centre. Author of books: Sentenced to death by the Military territory Court in Krakow 1946-1955; Politics or justice? Military territory Court in Krakow (1946-1955). Co-author of books: Church injured. The case of Fr Lelyta and the process of Krakow Curia; Communism in Poland; Faces of Krakow Security. Cast of management positions of the safety and safety Service Office in Krakow. individual informant.

"Trusted Companions" / Philip He Must 19 June 2006 /:

"Since 1943, erstwhile safety apparatus cells were formed at the People's defender and then the Information Department at Berling's Army, erstwhile it was decided that the core of future safety would be officers educated at the NKVD school in Kujbyshev, there was no uncertainty about the tasks facing this formation. The safety apparatus was to be the “arm of the party”, “the sword of the revolution”—a disciplined tool to first get and then keep power by a communist minority.
The Office, and after 1956 the safety Service held service functions towards the Polish Workers' Party, and later the Polish United Workers' organization (PZPR). At times of political breakthroughs, erstwhile the public openly revolted against the ubiquitous terror, represented by UB-SB officers, members of the PZPR authorities deliberately distanced themselves from the servillistic camera. This maneuver was first utilized during the 1956 “wetting” period. It was then that the thesis about the “expansion” of the safety apparatus was made public over the organization camera.
This lying claim was to remove the burden of work for the repression of society from the communists. As an alleged proof of its veracity, the effects of an in-party purgatory were shown, including Władysław Gomulka. authoritative communications omitted the fact that in this case, too, the defender strictly followed the recommendations of the organization drill. besides today, this thesis is repeated – in order to defend from the work for communist crimes the people moving the organization in the late period of the Polish People's Republic.
Wojciech Jaruzelski – I secretary of the KC PZPR or Mieczysław Rakowski – Prime Minister of the Government in the late 1980s, pretending astounding the fact that security, for example, has watched the Church – repeat only the mechanics already applied, for example by Edward Ochab. Meanwhile, it was the organization leaders who set the SB's objectives
And they are liable for their direction. Reports and synthetically presenting the effects of SB's activities on a clear mandate from the political leadership flowed to their desks.
Of course, the next heads of safety indicated to I secretaries the areas which they thought posed the top threat to the power of the People's Poland, but they did not have the final decisions. The hierarchy of the totalitarian state made the organization at the top of the pyramid of power.
Information above all
Communism continued thanks to organization people. Reflecting on the issue of agentry, i.e. the point hidden among oppositionists, we do not see that the PRL was created by openly acting traitors of the Polish case. The recruitment of members of the PZPR as secret collaborators of the SB prohibited regulations, but that does not mean that they were not useful for the repression apparatus. It was assumed that it was the work of each associate of the PZPR to assist the “security” authorities.
Thus, there was no request to get individual who, erstwhile asked, provided information. From the SB perspective, the formal nature of the cooperation was a secondary issue – the main issue was that the essential materials for operational work should be placed on the desk leading the officer's work.
The provisions in force were straight broken – recruiting members of the PZPR – or they were celebrated, obtaining from organization reports, but not recruiting them as secret associates, and maintaining little formalized operational contact. It is worth noting again that obtaining information was more crucial than complying with formal requirements. For example, recruiters did not always compose a cooperation commitment. This request was waived erstwhile it was thought that this could deter the recruiter or discourage him from entering the resort.
I'll rent a room...
A circumstantial kind of secret associate was the owner of a contact facility (LK). The safety Service needed dedicated facilities to organize meetings in them, which could not be held in the Ministry buildings or in public places for various reasons. The most common contact locations were met with an agent. specified a area must have been conducive to conspiracy – the presence of people there could not arouse suspicion, e.g. neighbors. The recruitment of the LK owner was subject to the same rigors as for any another secret associate – it should so be intentional (and thus made to accomplish a circumstantial operational benefit) and the recruiter had to consciously agree to cooperate.
An example of the verbunkowa procedure may be the action of the elder referee of Section 2 of the Second Division of the Provincial Public safety Office in Krakow, Mr Jerzy Wołkowicz. In January 1952, in his study on the approval of the candidate for recruitment he wrote: The candidate will be recruited on the basis of patriotic feelings, as he is an active associate of the PZPR, serving as the II-secretary of POP at the Bar Association, [he is simply a person] with a advanced political level. The material conditions of the candidate are very good, and thus would refuse to accept any remuneration and would be offended.
A fewer days later, Wołkowicz reported: At the time of recruitment, the candidate behaved calmly, showing full knowing and political attachment to the present reality, declaring that he was a man to whom is the costly line of the Party, which leads the masses working for Socialism and precision: the recruitment ran from 11.30 am to 12.40 pm.
...citizen duty...
The recruit was Kraków lawyer Maurice Wiener, associate of the PPR and later PZPR. The recruitment was carried out “on patriotic feelings”, or Wiener voluntarily agreed to cooperate with UB. The local was given the code name “Janina”. In later years it was taken over by Division IV. As the officer of this department of illness justified in August 1955. Kazimierz Prasil, as far as conspiratorial considerations are concerned, the owner of the premises is happy to rent it for operational purposes [...] in this premises you can meet more agents without fear of deconspiration, as the owner is simply a lawyer and has a full scope of clients.
A year later, it was clarified: meetings in this place were held with an intelligence network, as it was recruited for this purpose. At the same time, it was noted that the owner of the premises is affirmative about the bodies of the [public] P[public] and considers his cooperation as a civic duty.
Although Wiener stated in his own written commitment to cooperation: My cooperation with the BP authorities will consist in renting the flat – it is not limited to lending the firm. Wiener under “Janina” (taken over from the code name given to the locality) gave SB officer Jan Knapczyk information about the bar environment, the judaic Society in Krakow (in whose authorities he sat) and characterized himself by people known to him. He besides prepared notes and studies on Kraków's barrister. He met with his leading officer in Kraków cafes and restaurants: “European”, “Fatima”, “Florianka”, “Literary”, “Kopciusz”, “Noworolski”, “Sport”, “Wierzynek”, “Zamkowa”.
...ready to do all task...
In November 1960, Knapczyk reported that Wiener was ready for us to execute any task or another benefits. At the same time, he added that so far the owner was rewarded with gifts all certain period of time, while the hostess was paid depending on the frequency of meetings between 200 and 300 PLN per period for cleaning and washing dishes after coffee.
In 1966, due to the household situation, the complex usage of LK and threatening deconspiration, SB officials decided to end the 15-year cooperation, but besides Knapczyk noted: With the owner keep business contact – due to the fact that he has interesting contacts in the legal environment. The operating instructions in force at the time indicate that the safety tasks on certain sections dictate the request to keep contacts
with those who, by virtue of their professional position, have in rule an work to study on any criminal activity that would happen on a section of their work.
It was only 1968 that Wiener ceased to be operated, and materials began to be collected. In October 1970, elder Inspector of Division III, Captain. Louis Kurach wrote: He occupies a pro-Israeli attitude, represents diliability. The change of priorities in the global policy pursued by the USSR has changed interior policy in the Polish People's Republic of Poland, and this resulted in surveillance of a associate of the PZPR, who has so far been considered loyal to the strategy and providing valuable messages.
LK “Master”
Also another well-known Krakow lawyer and associate of the PZPR was recruited as the owner of the contact premises.
In 1958, officers of the Inspectorate of Department I of SB in Krakow obtained Kazimierz Buchała as a “address point”. There was a conspiracy correspondence of SB intelligence coming to his address. As stressed in August 1961 by the elder operational officer of Division III of Capt. Faltus, in 1959 the mentioned for reasons not responding further to the Department of First MMA.
Faltus wanted to make contact with Buchala – then an assistant at the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University, to usage him to work out Prof. Adam Vetulani – at the time head of the Department of past of the State and Polish Law in the same department. The activities of an SB officer were in accordance with the “Instruction on Basic Measures and Forms of Operational Work of SB” in force since July 1960. It says that in any cases we will encounter people who were formerly closer to the safety Service. If we have a good opinion of them, their opportunities should be exploited.
Faltus met Buchała for the first time on August 31, 1961. Already then, the future Dean of the Law Department characterized his colleagues, dividing the faculty's staff into “a Catholic group” and “a group of materialists”. Faltus noted after the meeting: due to the fact that the conversation showed a willingness to pass on the circumstances to him, I suggested to him whether he could aid us to discern the environment in which he resides, and he sees that they are doing the incorrect thing. He has expressed his desire and will pay more attention to them so far. It was agreed that after a while we would call him and arrange another meeting, which he agreed to.
Close Friend
In February 1962, Buchała took over Captain Józef Mielec from Faltus. Classified in operational documentation as b.t.w. (former secret associate) Buchała provided information on the “group of Catholics” from the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University. They were utilized in the crypt case conducted since 1959. “Venice” – directed against Kraków scholars, whom SB suspected of contacts with the emigration Polish People's organization and Prof. Stanisław Kot.
Since May 1962, “Master” besides provided information about the bar environment to Mielec. Mielec emphasized the loyalty of the whistleblower to the SB, writing that the origin of the “Master” stated erstwhile asked about 1 of the applicants. Dyka Zbigniew is simply a close friend of his and can characterize him.
In the case of Buchała, formalisation of cooperation was not essential – Mielec and without it it obtained the essential information for operational activities.
The communication of “Magister” with Mielec with various meetings was surely maintained until March 1971. Due to changes in the SB's operating language since 1967, it has been classified in operational papers as civic assistance (after), since 1969 as confidential contact (k.p.), and since 1970 as operational contact (k.o.). Therefore, meetings not with B. T. W. “Master”, but with po, k.p. and later k.o. “KB”.
Since the end of the 1960s, then the Dean of the Bar Council in Krakow has provided information on mainly Kraków lawyers. According to a October 1968 authoritative note, on the letter presented to him with the letter “W” meant lawyers of judaic origin. At the end of 1969, he assisted SB in getting into the premises of Bar Association No. 4 – which active the surveillance of lawyer Kazimierz Ostrowski.
It is apparent that the names of secret associates who have so far been regarded as opposition activists are of media interest. At the same time, however, it must not be forgotten that organization activists created communist dictatorship and were utilized in various ways to strengthen the strategy – besides in the function of public or secret confidants.
The text was published in the book Polish Confidental (Kraków 2006) in the series of the Institute of National Memory and the Centre of Political thought “From the Archives of safety – Unknown PRL Cards”.
First print: F. Must, Trusted Companions, “Journal of Poland”, 29 VII 2005.

The first always emergency control at the Jagiellonian University Department of past attempted to carry out the Ministry of discipline in April 2009. Minister Barbara Kudrycka asked the State Accreditation Commission to carry out an extraordinary audit of universities "in connection with methodological irregularities in the preparation, review and defence of the master's thesis of Mr Paul Zyzak at the Faculty of past of the Jagiellonian University / "Lech Wałęsa – thought and history" /, revealed in press articles and wide public debate".
The Jagiellonian University was one more time attempted to destruct by repealing the already defended master's thesis at the Faculty of History.

Aleksander Szumański “Polish News” Chicago

Translation by Konrad Strzelewicz KOZLP Kraków