Brave girls from the krakow ghetto

SHARE GIRLS FROM GETTA KRAKOWSKI

HOLOKAUST

During the German occupation, there was a strong conspiracy in the judaic territory of Krakow. Men usually took part in combat actions, but their sisters and wives were frequently connected.

Heroic girl in the Kraków Ghetto. was a associate of the judaic Military Union, a beautiful woman with a keen look, survived from the Holocaust, author of the book “The Eyes of the Child” competing with “The Diary of Anna Frank” – I respect as a literary critic.

Stela Müller was our friend until her tragic death, many years after the war.

The armed conspiracy is identified with men. Women, if they appear in this painting, are more frequently in the function of paramedics, liaisons or cooks, who are in the shade in the back than as soldiers in combat. past shows that they were active in specified activity, and the example is women from the Kraków branch of the judaic Combat Organization (ŻOB). Even if they did not always participate straight in the action, they and men developed their plans and suffered the consequences.

SISTERS AND WIFES

Young people were primarily created by the conspiracy operating in the Kraków ghetto. As the memories highlighted, “in them everything was truly torn to life and they refused to quit for anything. They wanted to live above all else, they were ready to go into a fight that led to certain death.” any of them were active in Zionist or leftist organizations before the war, others in social work. The peculiar activity of the judaic underground in the Kraków Ghetto came to the time after the deportation of any Jews to the German extermination camp in Bełżec in June 1942. Established in August 1942, the Combat Organization of judaic Chalucian Youth (reformed later in ŻOB) was not intended to lead to an uprising and victorious fight against Germany, but to take action not to wait passively for the occupier to die.

The judaic underground in Krakow was a man. A group of respective women besides joined the conspiracy. frequently the decision to participate in the conspiracy was made after the failure of loved ones, for example by parents or children. Many of them are relatives or wives of conspirators. An example is Szchora – the sister of Szymon Dränger, 1 of the leading activists of ŻOB. Sister - in - law Gustav Dränger wrote of her: “There was a strong and courageous soul in her healthy body. And so mature that whoever stayed with her could find specified a support in her as if she were a grown woman.” Despite her young age, she was entrusted with very hard tasks that she was liable for. The kid Dränger did not last the war, she died in March 1943.

Before the war, activists of communist organizations Genia Goldfluss and Gola Mirer "Lidka" joined the resistance. The second dealt, among others, with establishing contacts with another conspiracy organizations, mainly communist PPR and GL-AL. Her experience acquired before the war, including political and social activities, was of large importance during the occupation. Cesia Frymer and the Warsaw Fields described her as hard and focused on achieving the mark of a militant, as well as a warm and warm woman: "A goal full of childish simplicity, directness in approach to people and individual magic, filled with the silent seriousness of the mission and knowing of the case, kidnapped everyone behind it". Due to the widespread designation of her long-standing political activity among the members of the conspiracy, she played an crucial function in creating the judaic resistance. Gusta Dränger recalled: “Marek (gusty’s husband) was under her spell. She became to him the perfect of a mature woman, a large fighter with a warm female heart." The Gola did not last the occupation. She was arrested in February 1943 and imprisoned in a prison on Montelupich Street, where she was interrogated and tortured. She then went to prison at Helclów Street. She was there with another activists of the Kraków branch of ŻOB, including Gusta Dränger, Ewa “Wójska” Jolles and Genia Melcer. She died during an effort to escape the transport carrying them to be shot on 29 April 1943.

Another ŻOB activist was Wiśka's liaison, Eve Liebeskind, wife of 1 of the underground leaders in Adolf Liebeskind's ghetto. Her engagement in the conspiracy was greatly influenced by her cousin Gola Mirer. It was mentioned: “The tube becomes an active and liable link. And he does everything with humor and vigor. She has sometimes been detained (and always completely accidentally) with full grenade reform, or at best Kennkart. The wuska, however, always managed to get out of the way and get out of the pressure.” Miriam, the sister of Adolf Liebeskind, besides became a associate of the ŻOB. As a courier, she went to Tomaszów Mazowiecki. During 1 of her travels, she was identified with another links by a alleged grenade policeman. A man suspected of being Jewish, took distant their money, valuables, and yet demanded physical contact. He gave way after many pleas. Despite this experience, Miriam continued to operate, but did not last the war. She was murdered in January 1943 in Radom.

Gena Goldfluss, Ewa “Wuszka” Jolles and Sabka Licht besides worked as ŻOB liaisons. These women knew each another and spent quite a few time together. Each of them had what was needed for specified a liable and dangerous function, that is, the alleged Aryan papers, unquestionable appearance. They besides knew the Polish language and the principles of Christian culture and religion. Their vital qualities were besides cleverness and utmost courage.

CONSPIRATION CORNER

Gusta Dränger “Justyna” was a kind of icon among women from Kraków ŻOB. Although she was born into an orthodox family, she gained a thorough education and joined the Zionist organization of the Hebrew Youth Union “Akiba” as a teenager. It was artistic. Before the war, she became active with Simon Dränger, and in January 1940 they married. By mid-1942, Gust and her husband and another members of the later conspiracy stayed on a farm in Kopaliny close Nowy Wiśnica. After the farm was closed, they moved to the ghetto. Many sources stressed that it was Gusta who became the inspiration for almost all of the conspiracy ventures, although she had the impression that after leaving the farm she had been removed from the command center. Joseph Wulf wrote: “She was doing method work, searching for pits for inexperienced revolutionaries, accompanying the first conflict groups into the forest, attending many councils, putting up with revolvers everywhere, and quietly suffering that her husband Symek had no time for her. She suffered but understood him.” In the fall of 1942, she left the ghetto and stayed in Rabka, where she coordinated any of the projects.

Gusta made an appointment with her husband that in the event of her or his arrest, her spouse would volunteer for the Gestapo. That's what happened. In January 1943, Simon Dränger was detained. Gusta turned herself in. In cell 15, the prison at Helclów Street recorded the past of the Krakow judaic conspiracy. She emphasized: “There are inactive many of those who fell out of the dark alleys in the evening, who struck a blow, and erstwhile they captured the weapon, they died in a dense darkness. [...] Each word can affect the destiny of those who inactive enjoy freedom, they do their job.” In connection with the investigation, she utilized only conspirators' aliases. She was aware that this was the last minute to give a witness to the descendants of the Resistance. Thanks to her efforts, present we know many facts about these individuals and their activities.

29 April 1943. Simon managed to escape from prison on the same day he fled to Bochnia. Gusta besides escaped from prison at Helclów Street. She was in 1 group together with about 20 another women who were planned to shoot in Plaszów. She was injured in the leg, escaped with Genia Melcer. She joined her husband in Bochnia. In November 1943, Simon was arrested again. He was shot after being interrogated in a prison on Montelupich Street. Earlier, he likely identified his wife’s current address.

The site or date of Gusta's death are unknown.

Done at http://bartexpo.btx.pl/

Alexander Szumański

http://www.aleszum.btx.pl/index.php/publications/1352-dairy-girls-from-getta-krakowski

Bibliography

The cycle is created in cooperation with the Kraków branch of the Institute of National Memory. The authors are historians, IPN employees.

Martyna Grądzka – Rejak historian, worker of the IPN Branch in Kraków

The Holocaust.

https://plus.dańnikpolski24.pl/holocaust-dwelling-girls-with-getta/ar/13155082

08.05.2018